cultivar_22_Final_EN

Agroforestry systems in mainland Portugal 65 Journal in 2014, since the three other regions defined in this study – Norte Atlântico, Norte Transmontano and Transição – have very little importance in terms of the agroforestry systems in mainland Portugal, regardless of the ecological and socioeconomic rel- evance of pastures under chestnut tree and marsh cover. From the 2016 FSS data on farming types, around 80% of GPPs in mainland Portugal correspond to holdings predominantly oriented towards bovine (milk and meat), small ruminant and mixed farming, most of which only relate to extensive bovine (meat), small ruminant and mixed (93%) types of farming (Table 1). Therefore, we will just focus on the agrofor- estry systems in these 5 different types of holdings in the context of the aforementioned 6 NUTS III regions. According to 2018 IFAP data, the following conclu- sions can be made with regard to the main charac- teristics of the different types of holdings with the agroforestry systems in question. First, they are mostly located in the 4 NUTS III regions in the Alentejo, whose number and UAA respectively account for around 82% and 88% of the total of all 6 NUTS III regions analysed. Second, there is a clear predominance in holdings focused on extensive bovine (meat) farming and small ruminants as a whole, both in number and area (75%), as a share of the types of farming in question. Third, the average area of these holdings (136.4 ha of UAA) is almost 8.5 times greater than the national average (15.9 ha of UAA), which also applies to all UAAs considered (Table 2). Fourth, over 80% of the UAA of these holdings as a whole is covered by forage areas, of which 63% cor- respond to GPPs. Table 1 – Grassland and permanent pastures (GPPs) under forestry cover on holdings predominantly oriented towards livestock production Type of farming Improved or seeded GPPs Poor GPPs* Total GPPs ha % % ha % % ha % % Bovine (milk) 9,766 6.6 57.4 7,254 1.1 42.6 17,020 2.1 100 Bovine (meat) intensive 4,825 3.3 41.0 6,944 1.1 59.0 11,769 1.5 100 extensive 69,251 47.1 21.5 252,134 38.8 78.5 321,385 40.3 100 Small ruminants 26,702 18.2 16.5 135,229 20.8 83.5 161,931 203 100 Mixed 20,008 13.6 16.2 103,345 15.9 83.8 123,353 15.5 100 Total livestock farms 130,552 88.8 20.5 504,906 77.6 79.5 635,458 79.7 100 Total farms 147,101 100 18.4 650,406 100 81.6 797,507 100 100 *Unimproved and unseeded GPPs Source: FSS 2016 Table 2 – Average area of holdings with agroforestry sys- tems by class of UAA Class of UAA No of holdings UAA (10 3 ha) UAA/farm (ha) AA Total < 5 ha 2,595 6.5 2.5 1.7 5–25 ha 2,816 39.6 14.1 8.2 25–200 ha 3,636 343.0 94.3 53.3 200–1,000 ha 2,041 879.1 430.7 357.1 > 1,000 ha 157 265.8 1,693.1 1,477.2 Total 11,245 1,534 136.4 15.9 Source: IFAP 2018