cultivar_22_Final_EN

Agroforestry systems in mainland Portugal 67 • with the exception of intensive bovine (meat) holdings, labour productivity of all agroforestry systems in 2018 was far higher than the national average; • with the exception of small ruminants, the financial results for all other types of holdings in 2018 were far higher than the average in main- land Portugal. 4. Main purposes of agroforestry systems Silvopastoral-type agroforestry systems are respon- sible for different types of forestry-related products (grassland and pasture biomass), animal products (milk and meat) and forestry products (wood, cork, pine nuts, etc.) whose production methods will have implications for the types of environmental prob- lems faced by Portuguese agriculture and forestry in the coming decades. In the context of drafting the Common Agricultural Policy Strategic Plan (CAPSP), the following environ- mental problems were identified: • climate change, which will imply the adoption of adequate measures to decarbonise (mitiga- tion and sequestration) and adapt; • agricultural and forestry soil degradation as a result of low organic matter content and the respective risks of erosion; • adequate quantity and quality of water for plants which will be influenced negatively by lower and more irregular annual rainfall and higher temperatures, which in turn will cause drier soils and greater evapotranspiration in plants; • water quality for its potential contribution to reducing nitrogen leaching and phosphorus stemming from conventional production meth- ods; • air quality stemming from pollutant emissions from production activity; • biodiversity losses resulting from the abandon- ment and intensification of the systems of occu- pation and use of agricultural and forestry land; • degradation of farmland, also stemming from the abandonment and intensification of the use of agricultural land. Table 4 – Main financial results of farms from the most representative types of farming in agroforestry systems in 2018 Type of farming Productivity Financial results (€/farm) Land 1 (€/ha) Labour 2 (€/AWU) OVPprod 1 GFI NEI Bovine (milk) 1,530.9 20,779.0 840,548.4 918,763.4 141,569.8 Bovine (meat) intensive 156.0 1,986.8 144,968.9 173,462.8 13,187.6 extensive 125.1 9,307.3 109,141.5 167,216.8 67,479.8 Small ruminants 99.1 4,034.9 31,415.8 43,531.7 7,537.7 Mixed 330.1 18,949.2 89,011.9 119,934.5 67,326.3 Total 169.7 7,120.3 73,280.9 100,223.7 35,534.2 Total in mainland Portugal 522.0 6,182.0 23,347.0 28,292.8 7,812.5 1) Gross Added Value (GAV) at producer prices per hectare of UAA 2) GAV at producer prices per hectare of Annual Working Units (AWUs) 3) Output value at producer prices Source: IFAP 2018