Biodiversidade dos animais domésticos da Península Ibérica: uma perspetiva genómica 87 Biodiversity of Iberian farm animal genetic resources: a genomics perspective * https://ciisa.fmv.ulisboa.pt/ 1 https://www.fao.org/dad-is/data/en/ 2 https://www.dgav.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Efectivo-adulto-autoctone-Grandes-numeros.pdf 3 https://www.dgav.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Catalogo-Oficial-Racas-Autoctones-Portuguesas.pdf CATARINA GINJA AND CAROLINA BRUNO DE SOUSA CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa* In the Iberian Peninsula, the biodiversity of domesticated animal species (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and dogs) is exceptionally high with a large number of well-adapted native breeds1. For example, in Portugal there are 15 cattle breeds raised in a wide variety of environments, ranging from the highlands in the north of the country to the flatlands of Alentejo, their morphotypes are quite distinct and their contribution to the rural sustainability and soil fertility is extremely important (see Figure 1).These breeds played a role in the development of livestock populations in other regions, a paradigmatic example being the animals imported to the Americas in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds (Rouse 1977). Another example is the fine-wool Merino sheep whose origin is attributed to the Romans in the southern Iberian Peninsula, who are thought to have improved the quality of their wool with possible contributions of animals brought by Beni Merin Berbers from northern Morocco (Klein 1920; Forster and Heffner 1954).Today, the commercial fine-wool sheep breeds, the Merino, are reared in the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula whereas coarse-wool (“Churra”) sheep prevail in the central and northern areas (Figure 1). The identification of genomic markers which are associated with adaptation to ecosystems and disease resistance, together with molecular Source: Based on Portuguese autochthonous breed census from 2021, published by the Food and Veterinary Services of the Ministry of Agriculture (DGAV)2, except for Sorraia, Pónei da Terceira and Burro da Graciosa for which the data report to 20193. Brava dos Açores Jarmelista Preta Mertolenga Arouquesa Marinhoa Barrosã Mirandesa Minhota Bovinos Maronesa Cachena Ramo Grande Brava de Lide Alentejana Garvonesa Churra Mondegueira Churra Galega Bragançana – Preta Churra Algarvia Churra Galega Mirandesa Churra Badana Churra do Minho Ovinos Caprinos Churra do Campo Churra Galega Bragançana – Branca Churra da Terra Quente Merino Preto Merino da Beira Baixa Merino Branco Lã Merina Bordaleira de Entre Douro e Minho Bordaleira da Serra da Estrela Campaniça Saloia Lã Bordaleira Lã Churra Serrana Charnequeira Algarvia Bravia Preta de Montesinho Serpentina Suínos Alentejano Bísaro Malhado de Alcobaça Pónei da Terceira Lusitano Garrano Equídeos Sorraia Burro da Graciosa Burro de Miranda < 1 < 5 <10 <15 <20 <25 <30% Figure 1 – Geographical distribution and relative abundance of Portuguese native breeds: cattle, small ruminants, equids and pigs
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